Self Esteem is Key

Hey Everybody! I want to discuss my personal theories on how to prevent domestic abuse in adolescents and young kids. Just as a forewarning these are my personal beliefs that have not been tested. I have combined experience with knowledge from research to come up with these ideas, so I hope you enjoy! Also, please participate in my poll (----->) and tell me what you would like me to post about next! Thank you!

Self Esteem
Defined as "a person's overall evaluation or appraisal of one's self worth". There are many aspects of self esteem, and it is a very subjective concept. Self esteem is fragile, modifiable, and vulnerable. What do you think of when you think of self esteem? What factors affect one's self esteem? How can we improve self esteem?

When we are young, between the ages of 3 to 7, we are building up a simple base of our self esteem. We base it off of our parents mainly, and/or other family members or guardians who take care of us. Our self esteem at those young ages are basic and we develop them based on approval, love and openness, our competence, and beginning values. Most of these aspects are influenced by our parents (guardians) because they are the first people we interact with for a long period of time. They are the first people who offer us love, or don't offer us love. They are the first people who encourage or discourage our behaviors. If we are securely attached to our parents/guardians, our relationship with them defines our views on love and openness in the future.

As we grow older, from ages 8-13, these are the ages of middle school. Kids can be cruel! Hopefully all of you had a good experience in middle school, but this time for kids is crucial for self esteem building. This is when peer review is at its highest; kids are constantly comparing themselves to their peers. They aren't quite at the identity-role stage yet, but their identities at this time are constantly being shaped and changed by their peers. Kids at this age are just starting to form their own ideals and values. They are forming them and reshaping them as their personality and values change. Their peers have major influences on who they decide to be, how they decide to dress, and what interests they take part in. Image, personality, and beliefs are all beginning to form at this age, so it is a crucial time for intervention. By intervention I mean it is a perfect time to begin education on dating abuse. Why? Because their beliefs and values are being formed at this time, so if they learn now how to respect others and respect themselves, they will be more likely to carry this out through high school. They must learn at this age what healthy dating looks like, since they will most likely experiment with dating once they enter high school. As mentioned before, self esteem is very fragile and vulnerable and is easily manipulated by others. They think their peers know best, but in reality they don't so it is important they learn from elders what is healthy and unhealthy in relationships.

In high school, ages 14-18, self esteem is constantly changing. By now kids have made their core group of friends and have developed interests, hobbies, and lifestyle choices. Peers are still a major influence on their choices in life and the way they view themselves. Social comparison still exists mainly between the core friend groups. Kids inevitably gravitate toward a group they feel they "fit in" with, so they are constantly trying to maintain an image that keeps up with their peers. They want to be approved, just like they have wanted since they were younger, and they will do just about anything to feel welcomed. It is hard at these ages, especially 14 and 15, to stand up against your peer group and say that something they did was wrong. For example, it takes a lot of guts for a young boy to stand up against his idol who jokes about hitting women. If he does this he may be ostracized, beat up, made fun of, or just simply shot down. Not only does this hurt his self esteem, but the long term effects could ruin his years in high school. Kids in high school are going through what is called the "identity crisis" where they are trying to discover their purpose in life and what path they are going to follow. This identity they are molding into in a sense determines a lot in their personality for the rest of their life. Also, it is easy to lose oneself in a relationship. It is easy for an abuser to try to mold their partner's identity into what they want them to be. Self esteem is attacked in an abusive relationship because it is how the abuser maintains power and control over them. Someone who is being emotionally abused is being constantly put down and insulted, manipulated and hurt, and is under the control of their abuser. Their self esteem is at high risk at this point, and easy for the abuser to destroy. This is a critical time for education.

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My methods of prevention in young children (early school age):
- practice messages of love/approval/support/encouragement of good behavior with them
- help them work on their own to develop their own levels of competence and mastery so that they feel confident in themselves; this builds self esteem
- administer self-evaluations and evaluations of values; check for any negative feedback and address it to see where it is coming from (parents, peers, self)-this would call for a minor intervention to try to revert the negative evaluations back to positive evaluations; make frequent evaluations to see how self esteem progresses

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My methods of prevention in middle school age children:
- do active workshops where they learn to cooperatively work together with others; team building; this allows room for leadership without demands/authoritarianism; leadership also leads to individualism and self efficiency and self reliability
- encourage and enforce respect! respect for oneself and respect for others- cannot emphasize this enough; respect is important for everything in life, especially romantic relationships but is not limited to them
- promote healthy friendships; promote diversity and acceptance

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My methods of prevention in high school age adolescents:
- start domestic violence education immediately; promote healthy relationships and raise awareness of unhealthy relationships
- talk about self worth; administer self evaluations regarding self worth and self esteem; teach about how to maintain self worth
- boost individualism within social roles/groups/identities; inspire self sufficiency/reliance; stress importance of self needs and one's happiness and self-checking

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I hope you found this helpful, informative, and enjoyable! I don't want to drag this post out for too much longer, so let me finish with a message from my favorite musical artist, Christina Aguilera: you are Beautiful no matter what they say and words can't bring you down.
Do your part, and stop the hurt!
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